منابع مشابه
The Economics of Agricultural R&D
Agricultural research has transformed agriculture and in doing so contributed to the transformation of economies. Economic issues arise because agricultural research is subject to various market fail ures, because the resulting innovations and technological changes have important economic consequences for net income and its distri bution, and because the consequences are difficult to discern ...
متن کاملAgricultural R&D, technology and productivity
The relationships between basic and applied agricultural R&D, developed and developing country R&D and between R&D, extension, technology and productivity growth are outlined. The declining growth rates of public R&D expenditures are related to output growth and crop yields, where growth rates have also fallen, especially in the developed countries. However, growth in output value per hectare h...
متن کاملdetermination of iran's agricultural optimal r&d expenditure
r&d; is one of the most important and suitable strategies government’s policies for increasing of agricultural production and supply. in this study, in addition of economic evaluation of agricultural r&d; and determination of its rate of return, optimal iran’s agricultural r&d; expenditure is determined. so, in this article, ex-post and ex-ante evaluation by using of mathematical programming ap...
متن کاملEffects of R&D spending and Spill-Over on Agricultural TFP in Iran
Investing in research and development spending (R&D) affects total factor productivity (TFP).Recently new theories of economic growth have emphasized the relationship between R&D and TFPand also identified a number of channels through which a country’s R&D affects TFP of its tradepartner. This study seeks to estimate the effect of agricultural R&D and education spending and someother factors on...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1985
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/313008a0